问题:二尖瓣脱垂
什么是二尖瓣脱垂?
二尖瓣脱垂, 也叫MVP, is a condition in which the two valve flaps of the mitral valve don't close smoothly or evenly, but bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium. 二尖瓣脱垂也被称为 click-murmur syndrome, Barlow's syndrome or floppy valve syndrome.
MVP期间会发生什么?
When the heart pumps (contracts), part of one or both flaps collapse backward into the left atrium. 在某些情况下, the prolapsed valve lets a small amount of blood leak backward through the valve, 叫返流, 什么会引起心脏杂音.
Watch an animation of mitral valve prolapse.
二尖瓣脱垂危险吗?
在大多数情况下，它是无害的. Most people who have the condition are unaware of it 和 their health isn't affected. However, in some cases treatment is required.
什么导致MVP?
The most common cause of MVP is abnormally stretchy valve leaflets, called myxomatous valve disease. A person can be born with the genetic risk of developing MVP. It also can be caused by other health problems, such as some connective tissue diseases.
如何检测二尖瓣脱垂?
Because most patients with MVP don’t have symptoms, a murmur may be detected during a routine physical exam when listening to the heart with a stethoscope. Common symptoms include bursts of rapid heartbeat (palpitations), chest discomfort 和 fatigue.
What should I do if a murmur is detected?
Even for those who aren’t having symptoms, if a murmur is detected suggesting mitral valve prolapse, an 超声心动图 (echo). The echo uses ultrasound to evaluate the characteristics of the valve cusps 和 how much blood may be leaking (regurgitation) from the valve when the heart contracts. 另一个测试可能是 心脏磁共振成像 (CMR)，也被称为心脏MRI. The test results 和 extent of your symptoms will guide your health care team in determining if further testing is needed.
Does mitral valve prolapse need to be treated?
In many instances, having MVP won’t impact your health 和 requires no treatment. Talk with your health care team about how to prevent complications from MVP based on your level of risk. If you’re prescribed medication, take it as directed.
People with an abnormal mitral valve may need mitral valve 修复 or 更换 if:
- 症状越来越严重
- 二尖瓣反流变得严重
- The left ventricle or left atrium of the heart become enlarged
- 心律失常的发展
- The heart function (ejection fraction) decreases
MVP rarely becomes a serious condition. However, in the most serious cases it can cause abnormal heartbeats (心律失常) that may eventually become life-threatening.
When mitral valve prolapse is severe enough to cause significant 阀门泄漏, called “regurgitation,” it can lead to serious complications such as 心脏病 和 中风. This happens because when the valve leaks, it can cause the atrium to enlarge. An enlarged atrium may lead to heart rhythm problems such as atrial fibrillation, 哪一种会导致血栓形成. When clots travel from the heart to the arteries or the brain, it can lead to a 中风 or 心脏病.
Know the signs 和 symptoms of 心脏病 和 中风.
Do people with MVP need to take antibiotics before dental procedures?
The use of antibiotics before having a dental procedure is no longer recommended by the 美国心脏协会 for people with mitral valve prolapse, regardless of whether they have associated symptoms.
